Horror Stories What’s the Catch

For as long as narration in any form existed, horror stories of this or that kind have been extremely popular. They are not limited to literature: people told each other scary stories beside campfires long before there was such thing as literature and, for that matter, writing. And the situation didn’t change much in the millennia since then – the media may have changed, today we are being frightened by much more sophisticated methods, including text, audio, video, interactive experiences and so on, but the core remains the same – people simply like being scared. At least until something really threatens them. Why Do We Like to Be Afraid? Howard Philip Lovecraft, one of the best-known masters of horror fiction, in his essay on the history of the genre says that fear is one of the oldest and the strongest human emotions, and the strongest and the oldest fear is the fear of the unknown. This is, to put it briefly, what it’s all about. Horror fiction makes use of fears we all keep somewhere in our subconscious: fear of the dark, fear of inexplicable, fear of what we cannot understand or perceive. We may say that we possess completely scientific approach to life and believe only in things that can be proved; but deep down there is something in each of us that doesn’t think in categories of reason, proof and logic. Some people manage this primal part of their personality better, some worse, but all of us to this or that degree are influenced by it, no matter if we acknowledge it or not. That is why horror stories – if they are well told – can fascinate even those who don’t like them. They resonate with something hidden deeper than rationality. The world around us is too mundane, too logical, there are too few things left completely unexplained. We know logically that no monsters lurk in the shadows, but somewhere deep inside we still expect them to – or even want those monsters to be real. An Easy Way to Get Your Adrenaline Another reason why horror stories are so popular is that they give us an opportunity to tickle our nerves without actually subjecting ourselves to any real danger. Humankind evolved in conditions in which its representatives were constantly surrounded by innumerable threats: wild beasts, enemy peoples, natural disasters and so on. As the civilization developed, humans understood the world around them better and better and were able to weaken the impact of some of these dangers or to neutralize them altogether. Today we are still afraid of horrible things happening to us, but the nature of these things is generally quite explainable and logical. But the fear of the unknown remains, and to satiate the hunger for it people read horror stories, thus in some way restoring the conditions of the past, at least in their imaginations. So every time you read a horror story you pay homage to this subconscious desire to feel primeval fear once again.

Analysis of Against the Odds and Against the Common Good

The following two paragraphs are a summary of Gloria Jimenezs essay Against the Odds and Against the Common Good. States should neither allow nor encourage state-run lotteries. There are five major arguments that people use to defend lotteries. One is that most lotteries are run honestly, but if gambling is harmful to society it is irrelevant to argue if they are honest or not. The second is that lotteries create jobs, but there are only a small handful of jobs that would be eliminated if lotteries were put out of business. Another argument that would support keeping lotteries is that, other than gambling addicts, people freely choose to buy lottery tickets. This is true, however, there are misleading advertisements that may cause people†¦show more content†¦To support her side of the argument and to answer these counterarguments Jimenez share a few statistics. She tells us that the New York Times reported in 2002, that the state-run lotteries brought in a revenue of $20 bil lion dollars, and that this is only 4% of the states income. She also tells us about one study in a report from the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy that shows people who earned $10,000 a year bought almost three times as many lottery tickets than those who made $50,000 or more a year. This shows us that more poor people buy lotto tickets, so more poor people are paying the taxes that benefit education and social services. In the second to last paragraph, the author uses an analogy that compares state-run lotteries to tobacco products. She says that tobacco is harmful, and the state puts heavy taxes on it. They use the revenue to treat people who have gotten sick from smoking and to persuade people not to smoke. She doesn’t apply this analogy to lotteries but assumes that we will think of how to link this idea to lotteries on our own. Jimenez also makes a few other assumptions in her essay. She doesn’t explain to her readers what a state-run lottery is and s he doesn’t tell us how the process works. It is because of this that I can say that she assumes that her readers will know what a state-run lottery is. She writes that lotteries are harmful,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Odds And Against The Common Good990 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the odds The lottery in this country is a big past time for Americans. It gives hope to the hopeless and disappointment to a multitude of participants. A quick view of statistical information regarding the lottery shows that out of all people who take part in this country wide phenomenon, each individual person has a 1 in 175,223,510 chance of hitting the jackpot (AmericanStatisticalAssociation.org). The author of â€Å"Against The Odds and Against the Common Good†, argues that theRead MoreAnalysis of Gloria Jimenezs Against All Odds and Against the Common Good1049 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Analysis Gloria Jimà ©nez wrote an essay at Tuffs University in 2003 named, â€Å"Against All Odds and Against the Common Good (Jimà ©nez 116). The purpose of this essay is to persuade and support the following thesis: â€Å"Still, when all is said and done about lotteries bringing a vast amount of money into the lives of many people into the lives of a few, the states should not be in the business of urging people to gamble (Jimà ©nez 116).† The evidenceRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1004 Words   |  5 Pagestheir grandmother Momma, because she was a parental figure to both of them. In her young years Maya struggled with the absence of her parents and that neglect from them. Along with this she struggled with insecurities about her beauty, because the common depiction of beauty around her were white women, and she didn’t look like them. Maya also grew up in a very racist cultured town. She experienced things such as lynching mobs, and seeing cotto n pickers take the field on a daily. Maya is eventuallyRead MorePPARG Case Study1224 Words   |  5 Pagesinclusion criteria: 1) prospective cohort or case control studies, 2) all the studies had a similar purpose of investigating the association of Po12Ala polymorphism with DN, 3) enough information to calculate odds ratio. The studies not providing enough information were excluded from the meta-analysis. Data extraction Genotype data for the target polymorphism was carefully extracted independently by two of the authors. The following data were considered: first author, year of publication, country of studyRead MoreA Study On Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1664 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent of smoking and non-smoking mothers. And lastly, the results of different smoking habits in the Scandinavian countries were investigated and analysed. The principal objective in this case-control study is to provide a valid and reasonably good estimate answer to the unexplained deaths. In practice, this objective is usually supplemented by several others. A typical objective would be to link the disadvantages of smoking and health risks to the unborn baby and any other dangers smoking couldRead MoreCompare and Contrast paper911 Words   |  4 Pagescultures. An in-depth analysis will give us a thorough explanation of people’s discriminatory attitude. Of how they can be rude to those who do not dance their music. Another thing worth valuing in both the movie and the story is the fact that they depicted the harsh reality of peasantry. The story has the touch of simplicity but the detailed feature of the movie made the subject more colorful. At the outset, it would seem that the story is not far from ordinary against-all-odds type of a love storyRead MoreKirstie Williams. Benson. English 271 Distance Education.1481 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, we will analyze Utopia’s role in the common laws, the religious freedoms, and dystopia/utopia similarities throughout More’s literature. I. Introduction A. Imagine you are a sailor, sailing the vast emptiness of the ocean. B. To your dismay, the storm thrashes waves against your boat. C. You find yourself on the island of Thomas More’s Utopia D. Some facts about Thomas More II. Common Law / Commonplace / Customs A. The commons in Thomas More’s Utopia are drastically different fromRead MoreExecutive Summary : Uber Technologies Inc.1299 Words   |  6 Pagesto expand its business in India which is one of the largest markets outside of the United States. The timing of their expansion in India was questioned because the government planned on banning Uber on accounts of criminal conduct and rape charges against one of its drivers. It was also being questioned for its ethics. It is facing an ever growing competition from Olacabs and Mumbai’s Kaali-Peeli taxis. Start-ups are getting acquainted with the business model of the company and are looking to gainRead MoreThe American Dream Is A Good Education1100 Words   |  5 Pagespreparation needed to begin the process of achieving the American dream is through a good education. Going to a good College/University is the first step. There are lots of examples of well educated people individuals achieving significant success and wealth in their lives. It is possible to achieve the American Dream without a proper education, but the odds of that happening are quite low. However, some people beat the odds and achieve the American Dream without finishing their education, Some examplesRead MoreHarper Lee s Novel Of The Same Title896 Words   |  4 Pagesdrama, its characteristics are clear. There is a perspective on life, a sense of humor, political view and moral values established early in the film. The setting is also important to the film, as it draws a theme and structure for the audience. This analysis will view â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† through the lens of the genre theory as it applies to the contextual information, story/plot, aesthetic choices, and social impact that helped form the theme and created an Oscar award winning and nominated film

Cultural Differences in Perception Free Essays

The cultural influence of difference in focus and categorization In the research article, â€Å"The influence of culture: holistic versus analytic perception† provided by Richard E. Nisbett and Yuri Miyamoto, there is evidence that perceptual processes are influenced by culture. The research found that Western cultures focus on salient objects and use rules and categorization for purposes of organizing the environment, whereas, East Asian cultures focus more holistically on relationships and similarities among the objects when organizing the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Differences in Perception or any similar topic only for you Order Now In an illustrative study both rural Chinese and American children were shown a picture of a man, a woman, and a baby. The Chinese children tended to group the woman and the baby because of the relationship between the two, a woman takes care of a baby. American children tended to group the man and the woman because they are both adults. The results indicated that culture influences late stages of perception and categorization. In another study East Asians and European Americans were presented with the Rod-and-Frame Test. In this test a rod or line is shown inside a frame, which can be rotated around the rod. The participants were asked to state when the rod appeared vertical even if the position of the frame was in a different position. The East Asian participants made more errors than the European American participants. This indicated that the East Asians were attending more to the whole field which made it difficult to ignore the frame. It was found that East Asians not only attended more to the field, but they noticed it earlier, remembered more about it, and related the object to the field in memory. Additional evidence that Asians pay more attention to context comes from work by Masuda and Nisbett. They presented American and Japanese participants with two animated pictures of a farm. The two pictures had various small differences in details. Some of the changes differed in focal objects and other changes were made in the field and relationships between objects. The findings showed small differences in styles of attending to information in the environment. In conclusion Nisbett and Miyamoto found, â€Å"considerable evidence that shows that Asians are inclined to attend to, perceive and remember contexts and relationships whereas Westerners are more likely to attend to, perceive and remember the attributes of salient objects and their category memberships† (Paragraph 10). Eye-movements during scene perception In the past hundred years, cultural differences in perceptual judgment and memory have been observed. It has been found that Westerners pay more attention to focal object whereas East Asians pay more attention to contextual information. Hannah Faye Chua, Julie E. Boland, and Richard E. Nisbett wrote a research article, â€Å"Cultural variation in eye movement during scene perception† in which they studied such cultural differences. They examined the possibility that the differences came from culturally different viewing patterns when confronted with a nature scene. The authors did so by measuring the eye movements of both American cultured individuals and Chinese cultured individuals while they viewed photographs with a focal object in a complex background. They found that the Americans fixated more on focal objects and the Chinese participants paid more attention to the background. It appeared to Nisbett, Boland, and Chua that the differences in judgment and memory may have come from differences in what is actually attended as people view a picture. In the study performed by Nisbett, Boland, and Chua participants were asked to sit in front of a computer screen with a head-mounted eye-movement tracker. The individual would start the session by looking at a plus sign in the middle of a black screen followed by a scenic picture. The findings from study Easterners and Westerners differ in assigning information to objects versus backgrounds. The East Asians were less likely to correctly recognize old foregrounded objects when presented in new back grounds. Providing more evidence that East Asians appear to bind objects with backgrounds in perception. Therefore the cultural differences in visual memory are likely caused by how people from Eastern and Western cultures view scenes and are not only due to cultural norms. American participants looked at the foregrounded object sooner and longer than the Chinese whereas the Chinese looked more at the background than the Americans did. It is thought that this is due to the fact that East Asians live in relatively complex social networks. Thus, attention to context is important for effective functioning. Westerners, however, live in less constraining social worlds that stress independence which allows them to pay less attention to context. Thought habits in different cultures In the research done by Nisbett and his colleges it is found that individuals not only think about different things but think differently over all. In all the studies it was found that Easterners think more holistically, paying more attention to context and relationship and relying more on experience-based knowledge than abstract logic and showed more tolerance for contradiction. Westerners are more analytic, tending to detach objects from their context to avoid contradiction. They relied heavily on formal logic. The Asian participants in the studies showed greater attention to the background of scenes than the objects in the background whereas the Americans showed greater attention to the objects. When it came to interpreting events in the social world, the Asians seemed similarly sensitive to context more quickly than the Americans did. This can cause different views when perceiving world events. How to cite Cultural Differences in Perception, Essay examples

Intercultural Communication Cross Cultural Communication

Question: Discuss about theIntercultural Communication forCross Cultural Communication. Answer: Introduction Intercultural communication also refers to cross cultural communication in which communication takes place among the individuals that come from diverse cultural and social backgrounds. This describes different problems occurred due to different communication processes within an organization i.e.made up of people belonging to different religious, educational, ethnic and social backgrounds. It facilitates in understanding of the communication skills used by people that belong to different cultures. In this type of communication, culture plays a role in understanding the way in which people encodes, transmit and interpret the messages. Besides language, intercultural communication also gives emphasis on thought patterns, social attributes and cultures of different groups of people (Novinger, 2013). It helps in understanding the customs, culture and language of people from other countries. Emergence of globalization results in the presence of diverse workforce which helps in development of intercultural communication skills in the organization. It is also considered as a basis for international businesses. It is regarded as the situated communication that takes place between different groups belonging to different linguistic and cultural origins. Intercultural communication facilitates in building strong relations among different people by the use of language. This type of communication helps in sharing of the information between different people belonging to different cultures and social groups (Plappert, 2010). There is a requirement of understanding the customs, values, standards, social mores and thought patterns present in different cultures. For the purpose of effective implementation of intercultural communication , there is a requirement of acceptance of differences that are present in the organization. It is a skill that is necessary to be developed among the employees as employees are working in different countries and required to understand the culture of the community and country in which it is working. This helps in understanding the needs and demands of the local people in the country (Kotthoff and Oatey, 2007). Reasons of Choosing Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication helped me in gaining knowledge for the purpose of management of the differences that occur in the culture of different people. It also helped me in the development of a creative mind set to visualize the things from different perspectives. The main reason behind choosing of this subject is that it helped me to develop intercultural communication skills that would result in building strong relationships with the employees as there is an emergence of globalization and changes in the demography of the people working in different countries (Gudykunst, 2005). Besides this, I have also gained knowledge to use creative skills to come up with innovative ways to solve the problems faced by the company. It also helps in building strong relations between people belonging to diverse cultural groups. Besides this, it also helped me to understand the culture to which a person belongs and helps in avoiding the situation of thinking that the culture is superior to other cultures. Besides this, it also helps in understanding the needs of refugees, immigrants and undocumented individuals. It is important for the businesses to understand different cultural practices carried out in other countries for the purpose of competing in the business environment in an effective manner (Gudykunst, 2003). Human beings have a tendency to learn from people who are different from them. This tendency helps me in providing suggestion of the quality of ideas to solve the problems by finding the best approach by combining different cultural processes in provide solution to a problem occurred in the workplace. This topic has varied scope as rapid changes have been taking place in the business environment, it is essential for the businesses to understand different cultures as they expand their business operations in other countries. This results in providing employment to the local people of the country for which there is need to understand the requirements of the local people for the purpose of providing them safe working environment (Scollon, et al. 2012). Application of Intercultural Communication in Career Development Nowadays, emergence of globalization results in providing employment to local people by the company based in other country for the purpose of expanding their business operations. In the multinational company, there is a presence of workers belonging to different culture and countries which results in creation of the problems related to language barriers and understanding of the culture of different people. The intercultural communication helps in understanding the culture of different people as they share their views and opinions with each other by the use of common language. This also help me to provide solutions to the problems faced in the workplace as it facilitates in providing creative ideas to solve different problems associated with culture in the company (Gudykunst and Mody, 2002). It help me to understand my team members belonging to different cultures which facilitates in achieving the goal and objective of the team in an effective and efficient manner. This helps in building strong relations with the employees with whom, the task has to be carried out to attain the common goal of the business. I will gain knowledge regarding the custom, values and beliefs follow under different religious and cultural groups that help me to understand the need of the individual and provide them the suitable work environment in order to achieve high productivity and performance. Training is provided to individuals to understand different cultures in a proper manner in order to build effective intercultural communication skills in the employees (Sorrells, 2015). This also helps in understanding the requirements of the customers in order to provide them customized products in order to achieve high level of customer satisfaction. These skills also helps in handling the customer objections in an effective manner as the knowledge of culture to which a customer belong helps in building and maintaining strong relations with customer. In addition to this, different skills are developed which helps in enhancing my attitude and behavior towards different situations occurred due to presence of culturally diversified employees in the organization (Plappert, 2010). Nowadays, there is a presence of diversity among the employees of the organization as the companies expand their business operations in different countries which requires good communication skills in order to communicate with diverse work groups so that their needs can be met in an effective manner. The presence of intercultural communication skill helps in developing a safe and friendly envi ronment in the organization. This also helps in building and establishing better coordination between different employees in order to complete the given task in a successful manner. References Novinger, T. 2013. Intercultural Communication: A Practical Guide. University of Texas Press. Plappert, S. 2010. Intercultural Communication, Globalisation and Advertising: The Influence of Culture in Global Advertising Campaigns. GRIN Verlag. Kotthoff, H. and Oatey, H.S. 2007. Handbook of Intercultural Communication. Walter de Gruyter. Gudykunst, W.B. 2005. Theorizing About Intercultural Communication. SAGE. Gudykunst, W.B. 2003. Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication. SAGE. Scollon, R. et al. 2012. Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. John Wiley Sons. Gudykunst, W.B. and Mody, B. 2002. Handbook of International and Intercultural Communication. SAGE. Sorrells, K. 2015. Intercultural Communication: Globalization and Social Justice. SAGE Publications.

Why Muslim Women Wear Hijab free essay sample

In this contemporary age, there has been growing public concern about whether Muslim women should wear hijab in the Western world. Naheed Mustafa, who wrote My Body is My Own Business, asserts that wearing the hijab offers her freedom. On the other hand, Catherine Meckes, the author of Wearing a Uniform of Oppression, objects that wearing the hijab is like [be] an animal in a cage (Catherine Meckes 91). Personally, I am in favor of the former view. There are two reasons to support my opinion: earing the hijab represents Muslim womens sense of identity and rights. Convincing arguments can be made that Muslim women express their sense of identity by wearing the hijab. First of all, wearing the hijab stands for their own identity. Muslim women have been unrealistically stereotyped as victims who groan under the sexual oppression, even Catherine Meckes said that The result of such sexual tampering was severe punishment for the perpetrator-and also for women, having lost her value with her virtue, was cast out or killed, regardless of her innocence (Catherine Meckes 91), but they still stick to their style of dress. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Muslim Women Wear Hijab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is hijab that can represent themselves who trust in God and are able to control their bodies. Consequently, Muslim women acknowledge themselves as respectable women but not violable by wearing the hijab. Moreover, Muslim womens sense of identification with their ethnic culture also can be revealed by wearing the hijab. Those women believe in God and obey the Korans instructions. The Koran expects Muslims, including men and women, to dress modestly, and has made it an obligation in Muslims minds. Obviously, the term hijab encompasses not only a head cover for Muslim women but also a symbol of piety of their ethnic culture. Therefore, wearing the hijab represents their sense of approval of Muslim culture as well. Lastly, there is no doubt that Muslim womens attitude on insisting wearing the hijab is not merely due to their esteem of their own traditional culture, but also reflects their lack of sense of identification with the Western worlds mainstream culture. Nevertheless they live there. Nowadays in the Western world, there has been a tacit rule that peoples worth should be proportional to their attractiveness, women have to feel compelled to pursue abstract notions of beauty, (Naheed Mustafa 125). Evidently under such a background, Muslim women would rather choose to wear hijab soundlessly than be subject to and dependent on Western main-stream culture. In other words, those womens silent opposition accurately demonstrates their confrontational stances towards western main-stream culture which objectifies women. However, it is unmistakable that Muslim womens sense of identity plays a pivotal role in wearing the hijab. Another reason why Muslim women should wear hijab is that those women have undisputed rights to determine what they wear or what they follow. To begin with, it is apparent that Muslim women prefer to cover their heads, necks and throats while numerous women these days expose their bodies or act out in order to attract public attention. However, oddly enough, Western society constantly describes women who dress modestly, wear the hijab, as to be oppressed, backward, submissive, degraded, but it constantly is generous and lays on the praise with a trowel when women who models media stars or magazines Cover girls latest style of dressing. In other words, we can find a fact that Whether its women who refuse to wear makeup or to shave their legs or to expose their bodies, society, both men and women, have trouble dealing with them (Naheed Mustafa 125). No wonder that a double standard is not hard to be figured out in those western countries. However, Western is not qualified enough to make the beauty standard exclusively and determine what Muslim women should wear. Therefore, Muslim women are also capable of defining their own beauty and then having every right to decide what they wear. Furthermore, the West has no right to prevent Muslim women from following what they want as well as wearing what they want. Specifically, according to the news, hijab has been banned in France or the other European countries shared places and schools. It is Muslim women who faithfully have the right to follow Muslim culture and the Korans instruction regarding appearance by wearing hijab, especially in cases where Western society allows people have rights to follow Western culture and media or magazines instructions of appearance. Consequently, wearing the hijab represents Muslim womens rights that permit them to decide on what they wear as well as what they follow.

Analysis of the ideas of Dana and Yendol

Analysis of the ideas of Dana and Yendol Analyzing the ideas of Dana and Yendol-Hoppey, I found that the authors are focused on the process of conducting the classroom research. The authors describe the current trends into education. Thus, they provide the stories of schools and the teachers methods of increasing of the results.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Analysis of the ideas of Dana and Yendol-Hoppey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For Dana and Yendol-Hoppey, the teachers are the generators of the ideas about teaching and learning who should develop the new practices and approaches in order to provide more knowledge for students. Although Dana and Yendol-Hoppey argue about the conducting inquiries that may help to involve the practitioners and make them being more active in shaping the direction of teaching as the profession, both authors emphasize a significant impact of the gathering as the key aspect of teaching as the complex discipli ne. Dana and Yendol-Hoppey uses the term of â€Å"wondering† in order to indicate an importance of the passionate approach of the practitioners as the power that helps conducting the process of teaching. According to the authors, the circumstances within the teaching practice require the process of conducting the classroom research by the use of one’s own knowledge, professional skills and experience. It is necessary to simplistically focus on the results according to the particular situation and agendas. The examples and exercises of the book demonstrate the process of inquiring into one’s teaching practice. Both researchers emphasize a significant role of the collaboration and the gathering while conducting the research. As it is possible to notice that the process of teaching is the complex, the conducting of the research can be difficult task. Therefore, it is important to use the collaborative resources and ideas. However, on the other hands, the authors in dicate that the current educational system, its structure and organization provide a number of obstacles to gathering.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the present educational system drives to privilege the numerical assessments, it is important to legitimize non-numerical evidence. In this case, it is necessary to gather the ideas, skills and experience in order to prove the value of the non-numerical system as a possible alternative. Both the teachers and students should be interested in the practical result of the process of teaching and learning. Teachers should try to involve students not only using the marks, but describing the value of the practical result. Only the understanding of the results can push students to be more active and concerned with getting more knowledge. At the same time, teachers should be also interested in their work, using the modern facilities and correcting their usual approaches according to the current demands within the educational system. According to the view of academics Csikszentimihalyi, Feist and Eysenck, people always provide higher results when they work independently and can be free from interruption. In spite of Dana and Yendol-Hoppey, Csikszentimihalyi and Feist indicate that individuals are not conjoint by the human nature. Therefore, the statement to â€Å"always collaborate† is incorrect and controversial. Eysenck also emphasizes the essential power of individual work and freedom of being involved to the common process of thinking. Although the psychologists are right taking about an importance of the independent thinking, such approach can be not adequate while investigating the process of teaching and learning. There can be the circumstances when it is better to work alone, focusing on the task. However, most of the students demonstrate better results working in the teams or wi thin their classroom. At the same time, the approach of gathering is absolutely helpful within the process of developing the most useful and appropriate programs, developing the new ideas or searching the perspectives.

Describe legal system incentives for social responsibility Essay

Describe legal system incentives for social responsibility - Essay Example It is therefore very essential that such matters are create that can prompt people to act in a responsible way. This can be done through the process of legal incentives. What this essentially means is that you give people certain advantages for doing something for the welfare of the society and the general public. These incentives can vary in their shape and form (Ibrahim 1993). An example can be taken from the field of Architecture, in many of the projects in New York City; legal incentives were given to developers in the form of added flow space. However, what was required from them was to give public spaces in the form of plazas; which can act as breathing spaces in the urban jungle of concrete. Other incentives can be given in the form of honorary titles, awards and bonuses depending upon the nature of activity. Generally it is not very favourable to give volunteers financial gifts, just to respect the nature of volunteering, which is based on good will rather than expectations of a monetary gain. Apart from the proceeds in from of intangibles gained by the organizations that practice CSR, monetary returns are also of great value, which are derived from the good will created by inculcating the socially responsible behaviour in the system. Further incentives can be given to people who work with the law enforcement agencies for curbing the ever increasing crime rates of the cities. Some of these incentives can be in the form of providing people support in the latter stage of their lives that may include putting them up in old ages/retirement homes which can be facilitated by the government (Karake-Shalhoub 1999). On a personal level unemployed young individuals can gain a lot from fulfilling their social responsibility. This will enable them to acquire confidence, self-esteem and they will be able to develop or enhance certain skills, which will eventually prepare them

Accessible, Usable and Portable Web Design Essay

Accessible, Usable and Portable Web Design - Essay Example This makes the website extra working for all viewers for the reason that a number of users cannot see the graphical descriptions in their website browser (Gibson, 2008). The design of websites creates a profusion of usability confronts. Web sites are frequently extremely multifaceted, holding hyperlinked credentials, complex direction-finding format, and community information areas. In accumulation, web browsers take action as a structure for a massive quantity of uses varying from E-banking to online-mail to common groupware as well as offering a plan for interactive electronic credentials of a variety of kinds (e.g., assist schemes, information periodicals, and albums). Various design disputes consequently come about in annoying to design websites that will get in concert the requirements of an enormous viewers by means of conflicting reasons and aptitudes, particular untrustworthy web-browsers, monitor resolutions, pattern locations, and link pace. 1 A number of web strategies have been popularized in an effort to codify main beliefs that continuously hold up functional web practices; however a lot of strategies are supported on most excellent carry out or on laboratory learns by means of fixed background and reproduction locations. Though similar strategies have been practical in the starting phases of the web, we challenge that as the significance of web supported information augments, there will be grow in web plan strategy to be mainly resulting from exact experimental research that reviews users in their usual situations (Nielsen, 2000). â€Å"Usability is a quality feature used for user interfaces which describes how easy user interface is to use† (Nielsen, 2000). In the same way for the usability of a website we have need of techniques, and measures that necessitate vigilant deliberation when budding and designing websites. The majority significant techniques or ways are

Peepepep Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Peepepep - Term Paper Example There is an increased awareness on the need to control greenhouse gas emissions in order to curtail dramatic changes in climate through implementation of climatic treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol in which the most significant feature is the commitment by developed nations to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (Malin). Several petroleum industries have adopted various strategies to control emissions and thus contribute to a cleaner environment. While some companies such as BP Amoco have extended support to the climatic treaty, others like ExxonMobil have criticized the treaty stating that the present emission rate is not that bad and adopting strategies to reduce emissions will only have a negative impact on the economy (Van den Hove, Le Menestrel and De Bettignies). The major change occurring in global climatic conditions, commonly referred to a global warming, is attributed to the increase in the mean global temperature and the rise in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The Petroleum industry is regarded as a major contributor of greenhouse gases which could occur in any of the following three ways. A majority of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide, occurs via the combustion of fuels in transportation, furnaces and boilers. Emission of large amounts of methane occurs during the production and refining of crude oil as well as during transportation. Large quantities of carbon dioxide are also released during the production stage. Carbon dioxide is also released during the production of plastics, rubber, petroleum-based solvents, lubricants and waxes using petroleum derived-feedstock’s (Bluestein and Rackley). Thus the petroleum industry contributed doubly towards greenhous e gas emissions and hence is accountable for the emissions resulting from their own production and indirectly for the emissions released by the use of its products. In response to the need to control

Common Sense and Stereotyping in Social Work

Common Sense and Stereotyping in Social Work Diana Valle Social work and common sense Stereotyping, unfortunately, is how many people access and deal with the world; for better or worse, stereotypes inform us all, even though many of them are wrong or ignorant. A common stereotype involved in social work education is that schooling is useless, and all that one needs, as the legislator stated, is common sense and a good heart. Although one does need these characteristics to be a social worker, the practice is much more complicated than superficial stereotypes would assume. Unfortunately, this has also fueled anti-intellectualism discourses of theories not belonging to the real world of practice or being less important in practice. As found by various researchers, social workers analysis and decision-making is more often informed by practical and procedural knowledge than research and theory (Megele, 2011, p. 1). In fact, education is vital to social work, because much of what is done in the field has its basis in scientific methods, theoretical applications, sociology, and psychology, all of which must be learned in school, and do not simply come automatically or through intuition. Social work has a diverse knowledge base that can stand on its own, and also draws from other disciplines. This investigation works under the basic assumption that social work education has a vital role to play, and therefore seeks to provide opposition to the legislators dismissal of the professions status as academic. Despite its basis in ignorance and stereotypes, the legislators comment is worth considering, because it represents a common assumption the general public has regarding social work. Personally, however, I believe it is my duty to fight against such stereotypes and emphasize how educational resources prepare social workers to provide better services to the community, to help people more dynamically, and to invest in the future in the form of human capital more ably. Common sense, as I understand it, comes from a mixture of personal intuition and paying attention to the mores of society. For example, as children, we learn not to touch a hot pan on the stove, either by being told or through trial and error; not repeating this mistake then becomes common sense. Common sense is the opposite of educational knowledge, because it is expected to be automatically accessible through the society surrounding one and ones own intuition. Being a social worker, however, requires more than growing up in society and learning its mores. It requires training in specialized knowledge and techniques regarding how to best form the helping relationship with clients. It is a craft that is learned, not something automatic, like common sense that is simply picked up. To say that anything professional is 90% common sense is insulting. One could make this insult stick generally, as well; it is not even specific enough to social work, or demonstrated through any kind of example by the legislator. However, there are many examples of social workers using their education by being able to better assist in helping clients with recovery, advocating more effectively for social justice, and even engaging in independent research. Social work has a vital place in society as a profession, but unfortunately, it is looked down upon by people like the legislator. The sociologists at LSE saw themselves as the scientists of sociology and social workers as technicians. This thinking in turn influenced the amount of investment and research in social work. Though this image has improved in recent years, the difference in status and misconceived perceptions still persists today (Megele, 2011, p. 1). Social workers need training if they are going to help clients, impact legislation, and make a better future for children and families. These are not things that people know how to do automatically, or through widely available societal cues: they must be trained to be effective. In many cases, though, people still look down on social workers, and it is often because of their own ideological perspective about the welfare state, rather than any realistic knowledge about what a social work education is actually like. Social wor kers are a vital part of the safety net that keeps people in our society from slipping through the cracks of an out of control system. The NASW code of ethics states that, Social workers ethical behavior should result from their personal commitment to engage in ethical practice. The code of ethics reflects the commitment of all social workers to uphold the professions values and to act ethically (NASW, 2007). Social workers learn this code; it does not come to them automatically from having a good heart, or common sense. If all it took to become a social worker was a good heart and common sense, then once a person accomplished these credentials, they would have trouble dealing with complicated client issues such as transference and confidentiality, understanding how policy is reflected in various sociological and psychological theories, or changing the system by finding ways to affect legislative policy on a grassroots level. Accomplishing these tasks requires learning how to implement change through studying prior knowledge. The knowledge base of social work is found through marking the point of delineation between theory and reality, or scientific study. An understanding of principles of research methodology also does not come naturally, as common sense and a good heart. In addition, a good heart is not always a guarantee of ethical behavior; studying the NASW code of ethics as a social work student, on the other hand, is much more likely to produce results in this regard. The process of education is integral, because Professional ethics are at the core of social work. The profession has an obligation to articulate its basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. The code is relevant to all social workers and social work students, regardless of their professional functions or the populations which they serve (NASW, 2007, p. 1). Professional social workers need knowledge that they can only find in school; it helps if they have a good heart and common sense coming into the educational process from society, but they also need knowledge and experience-based learning that can only be accomplished through formal education. The NASW code of ethics states, Social workers understand that relationships between and among people are an important vehicle for change. Social workers engage people as partners in the helping process. Social workers seek to strengthen relationships among people in a purposeful effort to promote the well being of individuals (NASW, 2007, p. 1). Learning how to be an effective social worker requires study of NASW and other documents, such as sociology and psychology textbooks. Social workers generally should adhere to commitments made to employing organizationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Social workers should be diligent stewards of the resources of their employing organizations, wisely conserving funds w here appropriate and never misappropriating funds or using them for unintended purposes (NASW, 2007, p. 1). The knowledge of social workers is not automatic and intuitive: it comes from scientific study that is based on building on the precedents of the past. These precedents can only be learned through diligent and careful study, and the acquisition of foundational social work knowledge is something that is selected, not automatic. For example, one does not intuitively understand what the ecosystems perspective to social work is; one has to study, and then see how the theory can be applied to productive reality. The ecosystems perspective has enabled social workers to enhance the psychosocial focus through the use of a systemic lens that does not separate the person from the environment but requires that they be seen in interaction (Meyer and Mattaini, 1998, p. 38). Social work is also based on processes of gathering scientific evidence, and the rules and procedures for doing these tasks are also not automatic. Evidence-based practice is a new paradigm that promotes more effective social interventions by encouraging the conscientious, judicious, and explicit use of the best available scientific evidence in professional decision making. Pedagogically, evidence-based practice involves teaching students the values and skills they need to identify, critically appraise, and apply practice-relevant scientific evidence over the course of their professional careers (Howard et al., 2003, p. 234). If a social worker were not educated, in addition, they would arguably not be competent to practice, or at least, they would be much more likely to be incompetent without any effective training or knowledge about best practices. Competence has been a key concept in the literature on the education of adults and is central to many theories of human behavior (Holde n et al., 2011, p. 2). In conclusion, this report has argued against the legislators comments that all one needs to be a social worker is common sense and a good heart. On the contrary, social work requires study. Social work focuses on people in their cultural environments, whether these families were new immigrants in the tenements of ethnic communities or constructed families (Lowery, 1998). Social work is a complex activity in a complex world. Professionals in the field need to understand theoretical issues like the forces of globalization- economic, ecological and social to connect with their international colleagues, and to represent themselves in an informed fashion in international circles. This applies whether they are delivering direct services to immigrants, refugees or those displaced and traumatized by famine, war, terrorism or natural disasters (Hare, 407). I am not trying to say that social work is exclusive or that it can be only understood through study. Communities of all kinds present s ingular opportunities for participation, democratic citizenship, and collective action for social justice. At the same time, communities can be just as exclusionary, oppressive, and conservative as any other social structure (Kemp, 1998, p. 38). However, it is important to take any conversation further than shallow stereotypes, to the substance beneath. References Hare, I. (2012). Defining social work for the 21st century: The International Federation of Social Workers revised definition of social work. International Social Work 47(3): 407-424. Holden, G., Meenaghan, T., Anastas, J. Metrey, G. (2002). Outcomes of social work education: The case for social work self-efficacy. Journal of Social Work Education, 38, 115-133. Howard, M., C. McMillen and D. Pollio (2003). Teaching Evidence-Based Practice: Toward a New Paradigm for Social Work Education. Research on Social Work Practice, 13(2): 234-259. Kemp, S. (1998). Practice in communities. The Foundations of Social Work Practice. Mattaini, Lowery, Meyer, eds. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Lowery, C. (1998). Diversity, ethnic competence, and social justice. The Foundations of Social Work Practice. Mattaini, Lowery, Meyer, eds. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Megele, C. (2011). Social work must embrace theory if Munro ideas are to succeed: A tendency to disregard theory could damage implementation of Professor Munros report. http://www.communitycare.co.uk/2011/09/08/social-work-must-embrace-theory-if-munro-ideas-are-to-succeed/ Meyer, C. and M. Mattaini (1998). The Ecosystems Perspective. The Foundations of Social Work Practice. Mattaini, Lowery, Meyer, eds. Washington, DC: NASW Press. NASW Code of Ethics (2007). https://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/default.asp

Free College Essays - A Father Figure in Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn: A Father Figure Mark Twain, the author of Huckleberry Finn, has written a story that all will enjoy. Huck is a young boy with not much love in his life, his mother died when he was very young, and he had drunk for a father. Huck lives with the widow and she tried to raise him right. While at the widow's, Huck went to school and learned to read and write. The widow also tried to civilize him. She would buy him nice clothes, and make him do his homework. The main character in this story is Huck Finn, Finn is a young boy with many problems going on in life. Huck was in need of a father figure more then any thing else in life. He needed someone to talk to about anything. Huck's Pap was never there for him except maybe to give him a tanning. Huck's Pap thought that he was trying to out do him, because he went to school. "You've put on considerable many frills since I been away. I'll take you down a peg before I get done with you. You think you're better'n your father, now don't you, because he can't? I'll take it out of you. Who told you you might meddle with such hifalut'n foolishness, hey?-who told you you could" Pap scolded (p,26). Huck didn't like having to wear nice clothes, or even going to school, but the he had to go. "Starchy clothes-very. You think you're a good deal of a big-bug, don't you" Pap asked (p,26)? Huck would try and be a rebel because he had no male to tell him right from wrong. If Huck needed help the only real person that he could talk to would be Tom Sawyer, a very good friend also a thief, a rebel, and he lived on his own. Tom was not that great of a role model, for a young boy like Huck. His father was always away, and never there for him, and when he was around he was always drunk. It is hard enough to talk to a drunk man let alone when you have a problem and need advice. The childhood of a young boy is very crucial in what he will be like in his own life. Huckleberry Finn was written to show young males that there are ways of finding someone.

Im Not Scared Essay

â€Å"Poverty is the mother of crime. † (Marcus Aurelius) Contrary to the chrome yellow of the boundless wheat fields is the darkness of poverty in which the hamlet of Acqua Traverse is wreathed. Niccolo Ammanity consummately describes the pervasive poverty of the place â€Å"forgotten by God and man† throughout this enthralling novel â€Å"I’m not scared†. The villagers do not only fall victim to poverty, but also to the subsequent fears with which they are afflicted after committing the crime – kidnapping a boy of a wealthy family and holding him to ransom. Fears are correspondingly intertwined with the villagers; they play a tremendous role in the adults’ actions and motivations and become one of the primary themes of this novel. The most palpable fear of the adults in the novel is the fear of being apprehended and incarcerated as they have done such a sordid deed – kidnapping a boy. Therefore, extreme poverty and the yearning to get out of the current life from which the kidnap springs from can be deemed as the roots of the most significant fear in â€Å"I’m Not Scared†. In 1978 Acqua Traverse was so small that it was practically non-existent. † This statement of Michele, to some extent, depicts the penury which the villagers undergo. Apart from the formidable palace of the Scardaccione family, there are four drab little houses. The situation of Michele’s family is illustrative of the appalling poverty of the hamlet. To exemplify this, his father has to leave the house quite often to seek emplo yment in the North and that is where he meets Sergio – head of the â€Å"culprits†. The villagers have been so disenchanted with their quality of life of Acqua Traverse that they later allow their voraciousness for materials to override their sense of morality and societal values. All in all, the most significant fear – fear of being brought to justice – arises out of the extreme poverty that the villagers are confronting. The degree of fear amongst the villagers varies throughout the novel; sometimes fears appear vaguely, sometimes discernibly. Interestingly, the volatility of fear seems to parallel the intensity of the story; when fear reaches its peak, the novel enthrallingly absorbs the readers in its flow of events. Fears appeared from the first few pages of the novel: â€Å"At Acqua Traverse the grown-ups didn’t leave the houses till six in the evening. They shut themselves up indoors with the blinds drawn. † This suggests the villagers have already kidnapped Filippo and are striving to remain aloof from the outside world in the daytime and from justice, that is, they are aware that the deed they just did is morally erroneous. This awareness is metaphorically expressed through the rigors of the drought which the villagers are experiencing. The sun took away your breath, your strength, your desire to play, everything. And it was just unbearable at night. â€Å"Furthermore, the villagers’ fear that the poverty of Acqua Traverse has foreclosed the future of their children takes the form of maternal affection. â€Å"Mama curled up beside me and whispered in my ear, ‘when you grow up you must go away from here and never come back. ’ Even Mama – a passive pa rticipant in the kidnap – realizes the depraved things the adults are conspiring and does not want this trauma to afflict her children. There are some other less significant fears throughout the novel such as Papa’s fear towards the old man Sergio, Felice’s fear of the ferocity of Mama when she spares no effort to protect Michele, to name but a few. Fear reaches its climax when the helicopters comb the hamlet and its periphery for the boy. The villagers acknowledge they are on the verge of being apprehended by the police. â€Å"The grown-ups stayed at Salvatore’s house all evening†¦ They were shouting so loud that they woke us up. We had grown used to all sorts of things. Nocturnal meetings, noise, raised voices, broken plates, but now they were shouting too much. † Hence, it can be observed that notwithstanding the unceasing fluctuations of their degree, fears are omnipresent in every nook and cranny of Acqua Traverse. Dorothy Thompson once said: â€Å"The most destructive element in the human mind is fear. Fear creates aggressiveness. † Not only do fears render the villagers of Acqua Traverse more belligerent and inhumane, they also divest the villagers of their ability to think and act in a rational demeanor as an ordinary person normally does. Papa made the scissors sign with his fingers. ‘Two ears we’ll cut off. Two. ’ Papa who always treats his children with paternal affection and tenderness now turns out to be a vicious man ready to do harm to a child when the deal is not reached. The readers no longer see Papa saying â€Å"Don’t you kiss me, you’re all dirty. If you want to kiss your father, youà ¢â‚¬â„¢ve got to wash first†. A ruthless’ bogeyman’ that ‘comes out and takes the children away and sells them to gypsies’ appears in lieu (although at the end of the novel Papa somehow strives to redeem the physiological trauma he has caused to Michele). Perhaps Michele hopes that all these things are merely in a moment of aberration; unfortunately, after falling victim to poverty and its subsequent fears as mentioned above, the villagers have drastically turned into different people from whom they used to be. By way of contrast, Michele’s ways to overcome fears and to perceive surrounding things are seemingly rather constructive and far from naive. As the story intensifies, Michele’s fears are heightened and his innocence simultaneously irretrievably crumbles away; nonetheless, he succeeds in dealing with these fears more precociously and rationally, unlike the adults. To recapitulate, fear serves as one of the primary themes of the novel ‘I’m not Scared’; it originates in the indigence that the villagers of Acqua Traverse are going through and its degree varies throughout the story paralleling the intensity of the plot. Fears are also employed by Niccolo Ammanity to delineate the villagers’ state of mind and to bear stark contrast to the protagonist of the novel, Michele. The dubiously mundane life at Acqua Travers is none but a veneer; at night that veneer breaks and reveals a world of criminals, of inconceivably horrendous deeds, of ruptures of relationships and faiths and of inhumanity. And prevail in that world, fears †¦ Residual vestiges of affection and loyalty evaporates when ‘evil gleam’ => loyalty irrevocably and irreparably crumbles away => Michele opts for Filippo, for his sense of morality and justice in lieu of his father. Michele’s loyalty to his family manifests itself in a variety of ways: sister (take charge of his sister: hand in hand. We went home), submissiveness towards his mom, irately protect his mom when she is assaulted by Felice. His loyalty initially coerced him into unceasingly seeking palatable grounds for his parents not involving in the kidnap of Filippo. => his brother

Front Office Operation

Front Office Operations Adam Fikis Week #6 Reservations * Definition: An agreement reached between a supplier and a traveler or travel agent or a clerical or electronic process whereby a seat, a room, a berth or other accommodation is withdrawn from sale and set aside for the use of a specific person, often on payment of a deposit. Reservations Outcomes * Guest Perspective * Having a guestroom ready and waiting when they arrive * Should not be just any room, but the room that best meets the guest needs expressed during the reservations process. * Hotel Perspective The reservations process should provide the highest occupancy and the room revenue possible. Reservation and Sales * Before Automation: * Agents focused on room availability information. * Not able to identify room type. * Agents would note special request on the reservation. * Certain bedding type, smoking, non-smoking, scenic view * Front desk fulfill such request at the time of check-in. * At the same time agents were re sponsible for maximizing occupancy & revenue * Incentives were provided to sell higher priced rooms during check-in. After Automation: * Agents can review room and rate information for specific dates * Request for specific room types, location, and special features can be immediately acknowledged and quickly confirmed as a part of the reservations process. * Agent create an image of the hotel to the callers * Reservations agents are not order takers and are trained in sales techniques. * Reservation now is viewed as part of sales department. Role of the Sales Department in Reservations * Primary Source of Reservations Group Sales Managers or Representatives create group reservations * Corporations, trade associations or SMERF(Sports, Military, Educational, Religious, Fraternal) * Actual reservations may go the reservations department by phone, fax, website etc. * Sales office originated the sale * Sales Department also generate sales from other markets * Transient, Corporate, Leisur e etc. * A major function of the Sales department is to familiarise local businesses and travel agencies about the benefits and features of the property. * Depending on the type of hotel Sales Managers maybe assigned to work with travel agencies, Internet websites, and other reservations distribution outlets * Distribution channels should be familiar with the hotel’s characteristics and surrounding areas * To create a positive impression of the property and the travel destination * Sales Managers are often provided with financial or other incentives for meeting or exceeding their sales goals. * Sales objectives and incentives (including promotions) are now related to revenue rather than room sales as previously done in the past.Types of Reservations * Guaranteed Reservations: (A guaranteed reservation assures the guest that the hotel will hold a room until a specific time of the day following the guest’s scheduled arrival date. ) * Prepayment * A room reservation in wh ich guests, prior to their arrival, provide payment for their rooms. Sometimes referred to as an â€Å"advanced deposit† reservation. * Credit Cards * Reservations are secured by a credit card number. In exchange for your card number, the hotel promises to have a room for you no matter when you show up on the day. Advance Deposits * Requires that the guest pays the hotel a specified amount prior to arrival, usually large enough to cover 1 night’s room and taxes. * Travel Agent * Travelers pay the agency in advance for transportation and room charges; and the agency in turn guarantees the reservation. * Corporate * A corporation entering into an agreement with an hotel, which states that they will accept financial responsibility for any no-shows travelers the corporation is sponsoring. * Voucher / Miscellaneous Charge Order (MCO) * Guest prepays an amount to the agency.The agency forwards the Voucher/MCO to the hotel as proof of payment and guarantee that the prepaid am ount will be sent to the property when the voucher is returned to the travel agency. * Non-Guaranteed * Hotel agrees to hold a room for the guest until a stated reservations cancellation hour * Usually 4:00 p. m. or 6:00 p. m. * Does not guarantee the property will receive payment for no-show * The room is released back into the generally inventory if guest does not arrive by stated time. Reservation Inquiry / Sources Property Direct * Telephone * Mail * Traditional / Electronic * Property Web Site * Property to Property * Faxes * TDD (telecommunications device for the deaf) * Through a central reservation system * Affiliate System * A hotel reservations system in which all participating properties are contractually related * Non-Affiliate System * Subscription system designed to connect independent and non-chain properties * Usually assumes responsibility for advertising * Only accepts certain quality or limited number of hotels in an rea to keep price of their service high * Examp les – Hazelton Toronto & Chateau Bonne Entente (Leading Hotels of the World) * Preferred Hotels & Resorts (Soho Metropolitan -Toronto) * Distinguished Hotels & Resorts (Le Grand Lodge Mont-Tremblant) * Cluster Reservations Office * Chains that have several properties in a geographic area may opt to establish a single reservations or cluster office * Similar to hotel chain reservations system, but serves only a specific location instead of the entire company. All reservation enquiries are channeled through cluster office * Room rates and availability can be coordinated * Cross selling of other cluster properties * Global Distribution Systems (GDS) * Support the distribution of airline tickets, car rentals, hotel inventories with service providers, suppliers & intermediaries. * SABRE, GALILEO, WORLDSPAN, AMADEUS * Inter-sell Agencies * A reservations systems contracted to handle bookings for more than one product line. It is like a â€Å"One Stop Shop† or â€Å"One call does it all†. Handles booking for * Airline companies * Car agencies & lodging properties * Internet Distribution Systems (IDS) * A process by which Hospitality, Travel & Tourism companies offer on-line reservations services via the internet. Group Reservations & Terms * Usually involve(s) a variety of contacts: * In some instances (guests, meeting planners, CVB(Convention & Visitors Bureau), travel agents, tour operator, hotel sales staff etc. ) * Block: An agreed number of rooms is set aside If sufficient rooms are available * A Group Block must be monitored by reservation manager * Special identification code / Reservations Card * Given to prospective guests to reserve rooms within the group’s assigned block * Rooms reserved for specific guests are referred to as booked * If the group take away rooms from transient(non-group) Res. Manager must advise G. Manager. This is called NON-GROUP DISPLACEMENT. * Wash Down – reducing Block based on the group’s hi story * Cut-off date A pre-determined date when the hotel stops accepting reservations for the group * Group Resume * Summary of group activities, billing instructions, arrival / departure patterns * Key attendees and recreational / entertainment activities * Usually stored at the front desk * Group Contract: * states the number of rooms and quoted rate * states arrival, departure, and special consideration – such as complimentary room Reservation Records Identify guests and their occupancy needs before their arrival * Allows the hotel to personalize / customize guest services * Guest name (group name if applicable) * Guest’s home or billing address, telephone and email details * Guest’s company name and address, if any * Number of people and children * Room rate & type * Arrival date and time * Expected departure date * Method of guarantee (if any) * Corporate / Travel Agency Account Information * Special requests (Cribs, Smoking / Non-Smoking rooms, children, disabled etc. Reservation Confirmation / Cancellation * When the hotel acknowledges and verifies a guest room request and personal information by phone, fax, (e)mailing a letter of confirmation. They generally include the following: * Name & address of guest * Date and arrival time * Room type and rate * Length of stay * Number of person(s) in party * Reservations classification (guarantee/non-guarantee) * Reservations cancellation / confirmation number * Special requests, if any

Environmental constraints Essays

Environmental constraints Essays Environmental constraints Essay Environmental constraints Essay If there is a new act of parliament (law) about the amount of waste you can produce or the amount of recycling you must do Ikea will be affected. The affect of this is not good for Ikea because Ikea would then have to pay a firm to dispose of the excess waste by recycling. This will cost Ikea dearly because they have many outlets which will need this service.  If there is new act of parliament (law) about the amount of vehicles on the road or the type of fuel used to power vehicles which include liquid patrolmen gas or electricity. Ikea will be affected by this because they have many delivery tucks around the world so may need to change the fuels they use which may be much more expensive, so Ikea will have less money to spend on improvements or designing new products. If there is new act of parliament (law) about the hours you can use noisy machinery, this will affect Ikea. Ikea will be affected because they would have to limit the amount of products they make which will lead to loss of profit.  If there is a new act of parliament (law) about smoking Ikea would be affected because many customers may smoke, and may not go to Ikea because of the smoking band. If there is a new act of parliament (law) about the amount of space Ikea can take up, Ikea must then build their stores tall and thin to save the environments landscape. If this does accrue Ikea must then spend more money on the structure of the building so there will be less money to spend on refurbishing. Richards Paints  Competitors  If Richards paints has a new competitor which has bought a plot near their site which also sold bespoke industrial paint, Richards Pants would be affected. This affect on Richards Paints would be bad because their prices are quite high and will lose all their customers so will be out of business. Richards Paints could prevent this from happening by lowering prices; they could provide lowered prices by buying cheaper raw materials so could sell paint for less money. Richards Paints could also advertise more in local trade magazines which will make their business better known so customers will most likely buy paint from them if they know the company.On the other hand if there are fewer competitors Richards paints will make more profit so will have money to spend on improvements.  Economic Conditions  The rise or fall of interest rates may affect Richards paints in a bad or good way. If Interest rates raise this will be a bad thing for Richards Paints because the owners will the have to pay more money back to the bank because of their mortgages and bank loans. To pay for the bills Richards paints could higher prices, buy cheaper raw materials or even advertise so more customers will purchase more paint, so their will more money to distribute on the bills.  Another way they are affect is their customers will also have tom pay more to the bank so will have less money to spend on a new paint job. Richards Paints could lower prices to make it possible for other businesses will pay for paint.  Furthermore if interest rates fall Richards Paints will be affected in a good way because they have to give less money to the bank and their customers will also have more money to spend on a new paint job. Because of this Richards Paints could rise prices a little so will then have more money to spend on paying their bills. The rise or fall of exchange rates may affect Richardss paints in a bad or good way.  If exchange rates fall the pound will be worth less, when Richardss paints purchase their raw materials from Asia. So if exchange rates fall the pound may be worth less in rupees, so Richards Paints will have to pay more for their raw materials. Because of this Richards Paints could wait until exchange rates rise so they have to pay less for their raw materials. Income tax may affect Richards Paints if the Income taxes fall or rise. The effect on Richards Paints could be good or bad. If income taxes fall this will mean many customers will have more money to spend, which means more profit. However if income taxes raise many customers will not be able to afford to buy industrial paint. Richardss paints could lower prices which will mean less profit but could mean more customers.  Cooperation tax affects Richards Paints; this can b   good or bad.  If Cooperation tax raises Richards paints must pay more money to the council from their profit which means less money for improvements. However if Cooperation tax falls Richards paints must then pay less money to the council.  Unemployment or occupation does not affect Richards Paints because other companies buy the industrial paint and not the public so can afford to pay for paint.  Environmental constraints  If there is a new act of parliament (law) about the amount of waste you can produce or the amount of recycling you must do Richards Paints produce a lot of waste but is not really affect because they already recycle their waste. If there is new act of parliament (law) about the amount of vehicles on the road or the type of fuel used to power vehicles which include liquid patrolmen gas or electricity. Richards paints could also use fewer delivery trucks, but this will mean less business.  If there is new act of parliament (law) about the hours you can use noisy machinery, this will affect Ikea.  Richards Paints will be affected because they would have to limit the amount of paint they make which will lead to loss of profit.

Customer Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Knowledge Management - Essay Example Customer knowledge gained from firsthand customer contact is very persuasive. Smart CEOs at firms like IBM, Cisco, and EMC intuitively realize this, and their senior managers contact their major customers on a regular basis. These firms also act on that information to improve relationships with those important customers. The benefits of customer knowledge management have concentrated at the individual level. For example, Dreyfus, like other mutual fund firms, keeps track of client activity, claiming that they can predict when a client is going to shift money out of their mutual funds. Clients receive a call from a Dreyfus representative, who wants to know how the client feels about the investment and if his or her goals are being met. If Dreyfus is able to track clients at all stages of the consumption process, then the firm has a better chance of retaining the customer. A number of CRM - and ERP-type software programs allow companies to track processes in the life of a specific sale s order from order entry all the way to delivery to customer. Of course, FedEx introducing package tracking is a well-known example from years ago. There are a number of benefits of information technology for firms of any size. The marketing research practice has undergone a major transformation in recent years. A primary function of marketing research activities is to collect and analyze customer information. Technology has enabled all phases of the marketing research process ranging from sampling and data collection to analysis and reporting. With newer technologies and faster cycle times, firms conduct research at all stages of the product lifecycle and not just at the product development stage or the test marketing stage.  

Proposed Website Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposed Website - Assignment Example The body of the essay will explore various aspects of the proposed website. The proposed website Jenkins (2012, p. 9) in his studies described a website as, â€Å"a set of related web pages that contain contexts such as audio, video, image, and text, among others.† McNeil (2010) further noted that a website is usually hosted on a web server that can be accessed through the Internet or through a local area network that has an internet address, which is known as Uniform Resource Locator. Since Dual-Tech Inc is in the business of selling and distributing electrical appliances, the proposed website will be a commercial website that will serve various purposes and therefore, it will fit into various classifications of websites. For example, the proposed website will be a corporate website that offers information about Dual-Tech Inc and secondly, the proposed website will be an electronic commerce website that enables vendors to purchase electrical appliances via the online channel. On the basis that the proposed website will be an e-commerce website, it is of essence to note that it will be product based. This means that the proposed website will involve the actual selling of electrical appliances through the website whereby vendors will be required to wire funds or payments through electronic transfer and afterwards the company will dispatch the electrical appliances to their preferred location. Secondly, on the basis that the website will be an electronic commerce website it is beneficial to note that the proposed website will act as shop window for Dual-Tech Inc. Basic features of the proposed website First of all the website will be accessed through the local area network within Dual-Tech Inc premises and secondly it will be accessed through the internet connection, which will enable employees to login into the website from any location outside the business premises. This will be enabled by hosting the website in a server that offers both connectivity and is reliable. Secondly, by giving the website a unique domain name it will enable users to access the website easily as it will come as the first item during any search. On the issue of connectivity, the proposed website will be designed in a manner to ensure that users can access the website through smart phones and tablets, and this will be guaranteed by hosting the website in a web server that offers great connectivity from any location using various mediums such as personal or work computers, smart phones, and tablets. Since three different users will be using the website, it will have three different levels of access. The public will not have any special access rather they will only be allowed to view pages within the website that gives a preview of the company, stocks available, location of the business premises, key officials of the company, mission statement, and the objectives of the company. Vendors and employees of Dual-Tech Inc will have different access panels. Vendorsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ access panel will lead them to a web page that contains the list of stocked items and available online payment options that are secure. As for the employees’ access panel, it will lead them to